Wed, 27 Jun 2007 12:08:41 GMT欲多则心散，心散则志衰，志衰则思不达。http://www.feedsky.com/images/feedsky_logologo.gifhttp://www.i170.com/user/win4sm/Rsshttp://www.i170.com/user/win4sm/Rsszh-cnFri, 05 Sep 2008 23:59:22 GMThttp://item.feedsky.com/~feedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796874/1491936/1/item.htmlhttp://www.i170.com/Article/72198/trackbackhttp://www.i170.com/Article/72198/commentRss<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 烦，每天都要加班，晚上拖着疲惫的身子，坐公交颠簸着回来。早上又要起早赶公交，哎，感觉像要死了一样。</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PS：以下请允许我粗鲁一点(少儿不宜)。</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 什么TMD生活，日复一日，没有尽头。工作去死吧！房租去死吧！公交去死吧！我 Fuck this world！</p><br /><!-- Feedsky flare --><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=e983d6633e42e36b69fd45d2dee29f7c" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=e983d6633e42e36b69fd45d2dee29f7c" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=256c5599178e4940c913d51f39589395" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=256c5599178e4940c913d51f39589395" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=3943c1c0c2b26f92933fb1b609f3019d" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=3943c1c0c2b26f92933fb1b609f3019d" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=ebbe4ca2e9a8e75fd21814e51781fc60" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=ebbe4ca2e9a8e75fd21814e51781fc60" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=0c5b3e0f4774d241441d2cc6833dd04d" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=0c5b3e0f4774d241441d2cc6833dd04d" border="0"></a><!-- /Feedsky flare -->Wed, 27 Jun 2007 20:08:41 +0800win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/72198#commenthttp://www.i170.com/Article/72198win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/72198http://www.i170.com/user/win4sm/RSSfeedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796874/1491936http://item.feedsky.com/~feedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796875/1491936/1/item.htmlhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71685/trackbackhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71685/commentRss<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 我实在不敢恭维MS的Windows Live<span class="tm" twffan="done"><font size= "1">&nbsp;</font></span>Spaces，我本人也不觉得自己机器配置有多么差，然而每次进入Windows Live<span class="tm" twffan="done"><font size= "1">&nbsp;</font></span>Spaces的时候，都会感觉机器在吃力的往前爬。把一个简单的日志空间做成这个样子，不知道到底是MS过于用心，还是根本没有考虑到用户的需求。莫非MS的人以为，我们每个人都在用他们内部人员用的那种电脑？？给它下一句评价：B4之。</p><br /><!-- Feedsky flare --><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=8707298fcf3f6c579b963c7baf8b7ffc" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=8707298fcf3f6c579b963c7baf8b7ffc" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=b5d16e43c426a82e159231c040af43d1" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=b5d16e43c426a82e159231c040af43d1" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=324be066eb220fdf3f15dd81c4640aba" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=324be066eb220fdf3f15dd81c4640aba" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=2cd0c0092c9c79c8ead8a83ee4bfdccd" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=2cd0c0092c9c79c8ead8a83ee4bfdccd" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=63b943474feb3cf65e4ddc178220fab1" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=63b943474feb3cf65e4ddc178220fab1" border="0"></a><!-- /Feedsky flare -->Sun, 24 Jun 2007 01:36:57 +0800win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71685#commenthttp://www.i170.com/Article/71685win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71685http://www.i170.com/user/win4sm/RSSfeedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796875/1491936http://item.feedsky.com/~feedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796876/1491936/1/item.htmlhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71396/trackbackhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71396/commentRss<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 今天晚上又吃了一次酸菜鱼，菜单上这道菜叫“秘制酸菜鱼”，但是我没吃出来它哪里神秘，顶多有几样佐料我叫不出名字罢了。不过鱼肉很鲜嫩，而且里面的朝天椒真够味，很开胃。</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 早上上班，在公交车上结识了一位新同事，他先跟我打招呼，我根本不知道他就坐在我办公的对面。两个刚来公司都没多久的人，一路上聊的很投机，所以今天早上在车上的时间，感觉比以往要短了很多。</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 努力工作，结识新朋友，因为朋友是自己一辈子的财富。</p><br /><!-- Feedsky flare --><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=b6dc871905e3f6b1bb0431f76fdaad5d" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=b6dc871905e3f6b1bb0431f76fdaad5d" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=24235c5a3f26c5f1a39a835519b7352c" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=24235c5a3f26c5f1a39a835519b7352c" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=5b5ef20dad8fc18b2b4a04508c0d9108" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=5b5ef20dad8fc18b2b4a04508c0d9108" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=0c1cad0b995061cc1a5f4456b948771f" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=0c1cad0b995061cc1a5f4456b948771f" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=f92a8383e4bcecafb02a1ca9cf07f9f9" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=f92a8383e4bcecafb02a1ca9cf07f9f9" border="0"></a><!-- /Feedsky flare -->Thu, 21 Jun 2007 22:08:19 +0800win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71396#commenthttp://www.i170.com/Article/71396win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71396http://www.i170.com/user/win4sm/RSSfeedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796876/1491936http://item.feedsky.com/~feedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796877/1491936/1/item.htmlhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71139/trackbackhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71139/commentRss<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 今天是端午节，公司的早餐也自然少不了粽子 <img twffan="done" alt= "" src= "/htmledit/editor/images/smiley/msn/teeth_smile.gif">&nbsp;一下子吃了两个，搞的一上午都感觉肚子好饱，到下午下班才感觉恢复元气。晚上跟老婆跑去吃麦当劳，不知道为什么自己很喜欢吃里面的薯条，沾着番茄酱，吃起来感觉真的很爽。</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 自从买了那本《Windows环境32位汇编语言程序设计》，到现在为止，我自己都觉得一直对不起它，再次体会到“书非借不能读”。哎，下定决心，每天晚上2个小时的学习，关闭电脑，关闭MSN，安静看书。</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 远离了校园，千万别让自己退化，人的一生都需要不断的学习。</p><br /><!-- Feedsky flare --><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=08b9c82c2e38eb4aa178b0a6895f0ead" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=08b9c82c2e38eb4aa178b0a6895f0ead" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=a72313b4ea05b6af38ffe2fa955235ae" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=a72313b4ea05b6af38ffe2fa955235ae" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=81d09697caa3e581a95105c0161bdbe9" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=81d09697caa3e581a95105c0161bdbe9" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=1a7ddc6bcab640c7e93efc70dbb755c8" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=1a7ddc6bcab640c7e93efc70dbb755c8" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=5562363205c55774aae9ba09e046bdf3" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=5562363205c55774aae9ba09e046bdf3" border="0"></a><!-- /Feedsky flare -->Tue, 19 Jun 2007 22:16:53 +0800win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71139#commenthttp://www.i170.com/Article/71139win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/71139http://www.i170.com/user/win4sm/RSSfeedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796877/1491936http://item.feedsky.com/~feedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796878/1491936/1/item.htmlhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70956/trackbackhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70956/commentRss<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 如果需要交换友情链接，请直接回复本篇日志，附上贵站的名称及URL，并先做好本站的链接。</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Win4sm's Blog&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 地址：<a target="_blank" href="http://www.ntdll.cn">http://www.ntdll.cn</a></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font color= "#0000FF">本人会对友情链接定时检查清理。</font></p><br /><!-- Feedsky flare --><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=e6d7714e749474ed194361b7f04697ed" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=e6d7714e749474ed194361b7f04697ed" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=eb8b37349bcf6d0910d16ae87708d36a" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=eb8b37349bcf6d0910d16ae87708d36a" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=d8998cbcd333acf18a2116f34699fb57" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=d8998cbcd333acf18a2116f34699fb57" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=56a1970eed05b2ca4168b4476dc05918" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=56a1970eed05b2ca4168b4476dc05918" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=f407ec988c5f20d556db48ae951a8fc1" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=f407ec988c5f20d556db48ae951a8fc1" border="0"></a><!-- /Feedsky flare -->Mon, 18 Jun 2007 20:46:13 +0800win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70956#commenthttp://www.i170.com/Article/70956win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70956http://www.i170.com/user/win4sm/RSSfeedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796878/1491936http://item.feedsky.com/~feedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796879/1491936/1/item.htmlhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70954/trackbackhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70954/commentRss<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 上午梁组长给了我一份53页的英文文档让我翻译，他说看了你英文简历，英语说的挺溜的 <img twffan="done" alt="" src= "/htmledit/editor/images/smiley/msn/embaressed_smile.gif">&nbsp;我晕，那简历又不是我一天做完的，琢磨了几天&nbsp; <img twffan="done" alt="" src= "/htmledit/editor/images/smiley/msn/teeth_smile.gif">&nbsp;不过翻译的资料不是很难，能帮助我理解基本的通信专用词汇。</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;晚上吃完晚饭，跟彭师兄聊天才知道，张工（面试我的）居然跟我是同校的 <img twffan="done" alt="" src= "/htmledit/editor/images/smiley/msn/teeth_smile.gif">&nbsp;我们MSAP小组的组长刘工也是湖北的，一个同校一个老乡，顿时感觉爽了很多，开始YY了 <img twffan="done" alt="" src= "/htmledit/editor/images/smiley/msn/teeth_smile.gif"></p><br /><!-- Feedsky flare --><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=6d4fa609954cb9ff6b38c18185f13536" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=6d4fa609954cb9ff6b38c18185f13536" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=dd63aba0102bd2d9b5544f72eab76251" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=dd63aba0102bd2d9b5544f72eab76251" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=2eca3d817b917a96b482318532f5f0ab" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=2eca3d817b917a96b482318532f5f0ab" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=96173b682c41ea71406cd4bac356a336" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=96173b682c41ea71406cd4bac356a336" border="0"></a><a href="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?a=36ddc88c7d77c29a54db57e52b867d31" target="_blank"><img src="http://feed.feedsky.com/~flare/win4sm?i=36ddc88c7d77c29a54db57e52b867d31" border="0"></a><!-- /Feedsky flare -->Mon, 18 Jun 2007 20:30:54 +0800win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70954#commenthttp://www.i170.com/Article/70954win4smhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70954http://www.i170.com/user/win4sm/RSSfeedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796879/1491936http://item.feedsky.com/~feedsky/win4sm/~1471960/110796880/1491936/1/item.htmlhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70734/trackbackhttp://www.i170.com/Article/70734/commentRss<div class="prettyprint" id="C" twffan="done"><span class="pun" twffan="done">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 什么是好的程序员？是不是懂得很多技术细节？还是懂底层编程？还是编程速度比较快？我觉得都不是。对于一些技术细节来说和底层的技术，只要看帮助，查资料就能找到，对于速度快，只要编得多也就熟能生巧了。</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">&nbsp;<br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 我认为好的程序员应该有以下几方面的素质：</span> <span class= "pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">1</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、有专研精神，勤学善问、举一反三。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">2</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、积极向上的态度，有创造性思维。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">3</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、与人积极交流沟通的能力，有团队精神。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">4</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、谦虚谨慎，戒骄戒燥。</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">5</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、写出的代码质量高。包括：代码的稳定、易读、规范、易维护、专业。</span> <p class="partingline">[separator]</p> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">这些都是程序员的修养，这里我想谈谈“编程修养”，也就是上述中的第</span><span class= "lit" twffan="done">5</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">点。我觉得，如果我要了解一个作者，我会看他所写的小说，如果我要了解一个画家，我会看他所画的图画，如果我要了解一个工人，我会看他所做出来的产品，同样，如果我要了解一个程序员，我想首先我最想看的就是他的程序代码，程序代码可以看出一个程序员的素质和修养，程序就像一个作品，有素质有修养的程序员的作品必然是一图精美的图画，一首美妙的歌曲，一本赏心悦目的小说。</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">&nbsp;<br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">我看过许多程序，没有注释，没有缩进，胡乱命名的变量名，等等，等等，我把这种人统称为没有修养的程序，这种程序员，是在做创造性的工作吗？不，完全就是在搞破坏，他们与其说是在编程，还不如说是在对源程序进行“加密”，这种程序员，见一个就应该开除一个，因为他编的程序所创造的价值，远远小于需要在上面进行维护的价值。</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">&nbsp;<br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">程序员应该有程序员的修养，那怕再累，再没时间，也要对自己的程序负责。我宁可要那种动作慢，技术一般，但有良好的写程序风格的程序员，也不要那种技术强、动作快的“搞破坏”的程序员。有句话叫“字如其人”，我想从程序上也能看出一个程序员的优劣。因为，程序是程序员的作品，作品的好坏直截关系到程序员的声誉和素质。而“修养”好的程序员一定能做出好的程序和软件。</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">&nbsp;<br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">有个成语叫“独具匠心”，意思是做什么都要做得很专业，很用心，如果你要做一个“匠”，也就是造诣高深的人，那么，从一件很简单的作品上就能看出你有没有“匠”的特性，我觉得做一个程序员不难，但要做一个“程序匠”就不简单了。编程序很简单，但编出有质量的程序就难了。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">我在这里不讨论过深的技术，我只想在一些容易让人忽略的东西上说一说，虽然这些东西可能很细微，但如果你不注意这些细微之处的话，那么他将会极大的影响你的整个软件质量，以及整个软件程的实施，所谓“千里之堤，毁于蚁穴”。</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">&nbsp;<br></span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">“细微之处见真功”，真正能体现一个程序的功底恰恰在这些细微之处。</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">&nbsp;<br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">这就是程序员的--编程修养。我总结了在用</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">/</span><span class= "pln" twffan="done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++语言（主要是</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">语言）进行程序写作上的三十二个“修养”，通过这些，你可以写出质量高的程序，同时也会让看你程序的人渍渍称道，那些看过你程序的人一定会说：“这个人的编程修养不错”。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　------------------------</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">01</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、版权和版本</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">02</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、缩进、空格、换行、空行、对齐</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">03</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、程序注释</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">04</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、函数的[</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">in</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">][</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">out</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">]参数</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">05</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、对系统调用的返回进行判断</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">06</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">语句对出错的处理</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">07</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、头文件中的</span><span class="com" twffan="done">#ifndef</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">08</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、在堆上分配内存</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">09</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、变量的初始化</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">10</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">h</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">和</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">c</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">文件的使用</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">11</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、出错信息的处理</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">12</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、常用函数和循环语句中的被计算量</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">13</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、函数名和变量名的命名</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">14</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、函数的传值和传指针</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">15</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、修改别人程序的修养</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">16</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、把相同或近乎相同的代码形成函数和宏</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">17</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、表达式中的括号</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">18</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、函数参数中的</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">const</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">19</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、函数的参数个数</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">20</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、函数的返回类型，不要省略</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">21</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">goto</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">语句的使用</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">22</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、宏的使用</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">23</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">static</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">的使用</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">24</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、函数中的代码尺寸</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">25</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">typedef</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">的使用</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">26</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、为常量声明宏</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">27</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、不要为宏定义加分号</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">28</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、||和</span>&amp;&amp;<span class="pun" twffan= "done">的语句执行顺序</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">29</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、尽量用</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">for</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">而不是</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">while</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">做循环</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">30</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、请</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">sizeof</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">类型而不是变量</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">31</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、不要忽略</span><span class="typ" twffan="done">Warning</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">32</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">、书写</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">Debug</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">版和</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">Release</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">版的程序</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　------------------------</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> <br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">1</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">、版权和版本</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">-------</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">好的程序员会给自己的每个函数，每个文件，都注上版权和版本。</span> <span class= "pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">对于</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">/</span><span class= "pln" twffan="done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++的文件，文件头应该有类似这样的注释：</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="com" twffan= "done">/************************************************************************<br> *<br> *　 文件名：network.c<br> *<br> *　 文件描述：网络通讯函数集<br> *<br> *　 创建人： Hao Chen, 2003年2月3日<br> *<br> *　 版本号：1.0<br> *<br> *　 修改记录：<br> *<br> ************************************************************************/</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">而对于函数来说，应该也有类似于这样的注释：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="com" twffan= "done">/*================================================================<br> *<br> * 函 数 名：XXX<br> *<br> * 参　　数：<br> *<br> *　　　　type name [IN] : descripts<br> *<br> * 功能描述:<br> *<br> *　　　　..............<br> *<br> * 返 回 值：成功TRUE，失败FALSE<br> *<br> * 抛出异常：<br> *<br> * 作　　者：ChenHao 2003/4/2<br> *<br> ================================================================*/</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">这样的描述可以让人对一个函数，一个文件有一个总体的认识，对代码的易读性和易维护性有很大的好处。这是好的作品产生的开始。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> <br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">2</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">、缩进、空格、换行、空行、对齐</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">----------------</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> i</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">缩进应该是每个程序都会做的，只要学程序过程序就应该知道这个，但是我仍然看过不缩进的程序，或是乱缩进的程序，如果你的公司还有写程序不缩进的程序员，请毫不犹豫的开除他吧，并以破坏源码罪起诉他，还要他赔偿读过他程序的人的精神损失费。缩进，这是不成文规矩，我再重提一下吧，一个缩进一般是一个</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">TAB</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">键或是</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">4</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">个空格。（最好用</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">TAB</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">键）</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> ii</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">空格。空格能给程序代来什么损失吗？没有，有效的利用空格可以让你的程序读进来更加赏心悦目。而不一堆表达式挤在一起。看看下面的代码：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">ha</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">=(</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">ha</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">*</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">128</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">+*</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">key</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++)%</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">tabPtr</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">-</span>&gt;<span class="pln" twffan= "done">size</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">ha</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">ha</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span> <span class="lit" twffan= "done">128</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">+</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">key</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">++</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">%</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">tabPtr</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">-</span>&gt;<span class="pln" twffan= "done">size</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　有空格和没有空格的感觉不一样吧。一般来说，语句中要在各个操作符间加空格，函数调用时，要以各个参数间加空格。如下面这种加空格的和不加的：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">((</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">hProc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">=</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">OpenProcess</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">,</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">FALSE</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">,</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">pid</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">))==</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">NULL</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">){</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">}</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">hProc</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="typ" twffan= "done">OpenProcess</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">FALSE</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">pid</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">==</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">NULL</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">){</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">}</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> iii</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class= "pun" twffan="done">换行。不要把语句都写在一行上，这样很不好。如：</span> <span class= "pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">for</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">i</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">=</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">0</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span><span class= "pln" twffan="done">i</span>&lt;<span class="pln" twffan= "done">len</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">;</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">i</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">++)</span> <span class="kwd" twffan= "done">if</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">((</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">a</span>&lt;<span class="str" twffan= "done">'0'</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">||</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">a</span>&gt;<span class="str" twffan= "done">'9'</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">)</span>&amp;&amp;<span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">a</span>&lt;<span class="str" twffan= "done">'a'</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">||</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">a</span>&gt;<span class="str" twffan= "done">'z'</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">))</span> <span class="kwd" twffan="done">break</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　我拷，这种即无空格，又无换行的程序在写什么啊？加上空格和换行吧。　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">for</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">i</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span><span class= "lit" twffan="done">0</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">i</span>&lt;<span class="pln" twffan= "done">len</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">i</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">{</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">a</span> &lt; <span class="str" twffan="done">'0'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">||</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">a</span> &gt; <span class="str" twffan="done">'9'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">a</span> &lt; <span class="str" twffan="done">'a'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">||</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">a</span> &gt; <span class="str" twffan="done">'z'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">{</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">break</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　}</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　}</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　好多了吧？有时候，函数参数多的时候，最好也换行，如：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">CreateProcess</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">NULL</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">cmdbuf</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">NULL</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">NULL</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">bInhH</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">dwCrtFlags</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">envbuf</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">NULL</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span>&amp;<span class="pln" twffan= "done">siStartInfo</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span>&amp;<span class="pln" twffan= "done">prInfo<br></span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　　　　　</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　条件语句也应该在必要时换行：</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">ch</span> &gt;<span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="str" twffan="done">'0'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">||</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">ch</span> &lt;<span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="str" twffan="done">'9'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">||</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">ch</span> &gt;<span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="str" twffan="done">'a'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">||</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">ch</span> &lt;<span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="str" twffan="done">'z'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">||</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">ch</span> &gt;<span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="str" twffan="done">'A'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">||</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">ch</span> &lt;<span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="str" twffan="done">'Z'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> iv</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">空行。不要不加空行，空行可以区分不同的程序块，程序块间，最好加上空行。如：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">HANDLE hProcess</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">PROCESS_T procInfo</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* open the process handle */</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">if</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">((</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">hProcess</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="typ" twffan= "done">OpenProcess</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">FALSE</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">pid</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">))</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">==</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">NULL</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　{</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">return</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">LSE_MISC_SYS</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　}</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">memset</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span>&amp;<span class="pln" twffan= "done">procInfo</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="lit" twffan="done">0</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">,</span> <span class="kwd" twffan= "done">sizeof</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">procInfo</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">));</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">procInfo</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">.</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">idProc</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">pid</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">procInfo</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">.</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">hdProc</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">hProcess</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">procInfo</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">.</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">misc</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">|=</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">MSCAVA_PROC</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">return</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="lit" twffan="done">0</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> v</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">对齐。用</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">TAB</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">键对齐你的一些变量的声明或注释，一样会让你的程序好看一些。如：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">typedef</span> <span class="kwd" twffan="done">struct</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">_pt_man_t_</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">{</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">int</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">numProc</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* Number of processes　　　　　　　　 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">int</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">maxProc</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* Max Number of processes　　　　　　 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">int</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">numEvnt</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* Number of events　　　　　　　　　　*/</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">int</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">maxEvnt</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* Max Number of events　　　　　　　　*/</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">HANDLE</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">pHndEvnt</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;　</span> <span class="com" twffan="done">/* Array of events　　　　　　　　　　 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">DWORD</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">timeout</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* Time out interval　　　　　　　　　 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">HANDLE</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">hPipe</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">;　　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* Namedpipe　　　　　　　　　　　　　 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">TCHAR</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">usr</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">[</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">MAXUSR</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">];</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* User name of the process　　　　　　*/</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">int</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">numMsg</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;　　</span> <span class="com" twffan="done">/* Number of Message　　　　　　　　　 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">int</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="typ" twffan="done">Msg</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">[</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">MAXMSG</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">];</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* Space for intro process communicate */</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">}</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">PT_MAN_T</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">怎么样？感觉不错吧。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">这里主要讲述了如果写出让人赏心悦目的代码，好看的代码会让人的心情愉快，读起代码也就不累，工整、整洁的程序代码，通常更让人欢迎，也更让人称道。现在的硬盘空间这么大，不要让你的代码挤在一起，这样它们会抱怨你虐待它们的。好了，用“缩进、空格、换行、空行、对齐”装饰你的代码吧，让他们从没有秩序的土匪中变成一排排整齐有秩序的正规部队吧。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> <br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　　　　　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">3</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">、程序注释</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">------</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">养成写程序注释的习惯，这是每个程序员所必须要做的工作。我看过那种几千行，却居然没有一行注释的程序。这就如同在公路上驾车却没有路标一样。用不了多久，连自己都不知道自己的意图了，还要花上几倍的时间才看明白，这种浪费别人和自己的时间的人，是最为可耻的人。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">是的，你也许会说，你会写注释，真的吗？注释的书写也能看出一个程序员的功底。一般来说你需要至少写这些地方的注释：文件的注释、函数的注释、变量的注释、算法的注释、功能块的程序注释。主要就是记录你这段程序是干什么的？你的意图是什么？你这个变量是用来做什么的？等等。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">不要以为注释好写，有一些算法是很难说或写出来的，只能意会，我承认有这种情况的时候，但你也要写出来，正好可以训练一下自己的表达能力。而表达能力正是那种闷头搞技术的技术人员最缺的，你有再高的技术，如果你表达能力不行，你的技术将不能得到充分的发挥。因为，这是一个团队的时代。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">好了，说几个注释的技术细节：</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br> i</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">对于行注释（“</span><span class="com" twffan= "done">//”）比块注释（“/* */”）要好的说法，我并不是很同意。因为一些老版本的C编译器并不支持行注释，所以为了你的程序的移植性，请你还是尽量使用块注释。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> ii</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">你也许会为块注释的不能嵌套而不爽，那么你可以用预编译来完成这个功能。使用“</span><span class= "com" twffan="done">#if 0”和“#endif”括起来的代码，将不被编译，而且还可以嵌套。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> <br> <br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">4</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">、函数的[</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">in</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">][</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">out</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">]参数</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">-----------</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">我经常看到这样的程序：</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">FuncName</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">char</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">str</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">)</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">{</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">int</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">len</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">strlen</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">str</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　.....</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">}</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">char</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="typ" twffan="done">GetUserName</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">struct</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">user</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">pUser</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">{</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">return</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">pUser</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">-</span>&gt;<span class="pln" twffan= "done">name</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">}</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">不！请不要这样做。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">你应该先判断一下传进来的那个指针是不是为空。如果传进来的指针为空的话，那么，你的一个大的系统就会因为这一个小的函数而崩溃。一种更好的技术是使用断言（</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">assert</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">），这里我就不多说这些技术细节了。当然，如果是在</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++中，引用要比指针好得多，但你也需要对各个参数进行检查。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">写有参数的函数时，首要工作，就是要对传进来的所有参数进行合法性检查。而对于传出的参数也应该进行检查，这个动作当然应该在函数的外部，也就是说，调用完一个函数后，应该对其传出的值进行检查。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">当然，检查会浪费一点时间，但为了整个系统不至于出现“非法操作”或是“</span><span class= "typ" twffan="done">Core</span> <span class="typ" twffan= "done">Dump</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">”的系统级的错误，多花这点时间还是很值得的。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br> <br> <br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">5</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">、对系统调用的返回进行判断</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">--------------</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">继续上一条，对于一些系统调用，比如打开文件，我经常看到，许多程序员对</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">fopen</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">返回的指针不做任何判断，就直接使用了。然后发现文件的内容怎么也读出不，或是怎么也写不进去。还是判断一下吧：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">fp</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">fopen</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="str" twffan= "done">"log.txt"</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">,</span> <span class="str" twffan="done">"a"</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">fp</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">==</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">NULL</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">){</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">printf</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="str" twffan="done">"Error: open file errorn"</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">return</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">FALSE</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　}</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">其它还有许多啦，比如：</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">socket</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">返回的</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">socket</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">号，</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">返回的内存。请对这些系统调用返回的东西进行判断。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br> <br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">6</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">、</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">语句对出错的处理</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">-----------</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">我看见你说了，这有什么好说的。还是先看一段程序代码吧。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">ch</span> &gt;<span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="str" twffan="done">'0'</span> &amp;&amp; <span class= "pln" twffan="done">ch</span> &lt;<span class="pun" twffan= "done">=</span> <span class="str" twffan="done">'9'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">){</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* 正常处理代码 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">　　}</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">else</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">{</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* 输出错误信息 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">printf</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="str" twffan="done">"error ......n"</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">return</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">FALSE</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　}</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">这种结构很不好，特别是如果“正常处理代码”很长时，对于这种情况，最好不要用</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">else</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">。先判断错误，如：</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">ch</span> &lt; <span class="str" twffan="done">'0'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">||</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">ch</span> &gt; <span class="str" twffan="done">'9'</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">){</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* 输出错误信息 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">printf</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="str" twffan="done">"error ......n"</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">return</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">FALSE</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　}</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* 正常处理代码 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　......</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> <br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">这样的结构，不是很清楚吗？突出了错误的条件，让别人在使用你的函数的时候，第一眼就能看到不合法的条件，于是就会更下意识的避免。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> <br> <br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">7</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">、头文件中的</span><span class="com" twffan= "done">#ifndef</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">----------</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">千万不要忽略了头件的中的</span><span class="com" twffan= "done">#ifndef，这是一个很关键的东西。比如你有两个C文件，这两个C文件都include了同一个头文件。而编译时，这两个C文件要一同编译成一个可运行文件，于是问题来了，大量的声明冲突。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">还是把头文件的内容都放在</span><span class="com" twffan= "done">#ifndef和#endif中吧。不管你的头文件会不会被多个文件引用，你都要加上这个。一般格式是这样的：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="com" twffan= "done">#ifndef　&lt;标识&gt;</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">#define &lt;标识&gt;</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　......</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　......</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">#endif</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span>&lt;<span class="pun" twffan= "done">标识</span>&gt;<span class="pun" twffan= "done">在理论上来说可以是自由命名的，但每个头文件的这个“标识”都应该是唯一的。标识的命名规则一般是头文件名全大写，前后加下划线，并把文件名中的“.”也变成下划线，如：</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">stdio</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">.</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">h<br></span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="com" twffan= "done">#ifndef _STDIO_H_</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">#define _STDIO_H_</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　......</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="com" twffan= "done">#endif</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">（</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">BTW</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">：预编译有多很有用的功能。你会用预编译吗？）　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> <br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">8</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">、在堆上分配内存</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">---------</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">可能许多人对内存分配上的“栈</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">stack</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">”和“堆</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">heap</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">”还不是很明白。包括一些科班出身的人也不明白这两个概念。我不想过多的说这两个东西。简单的来讲，</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">stack</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">上分配的内存系统自动释放，</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">heap</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">上分配的内存，系统不释放，哪怕程序退出，那一块内存还是在那里。</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">stack</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">一般是静态分配内存，</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">heap</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">上一般是动态分配内存。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">由</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">系统函数分配的内存就是从堆上分配内存。从堆上分配的内存一定要自己释放。用</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">free</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">释放，不然就是术语--“内存泄露”（或是“内存漏洞”）--</span> <span class="typ" twffan="done">Memory</span> <span class="typ" twffan= "done">Leak</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">。于是，系统的可分配内存会随</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">越来越少，直到系统崩溃。还是来看看“栈内存”和“堆内存”的差别吧。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　栈内存分配</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　-----</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">char</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">AllocStrFromStack</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">()</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　{</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">char</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">pstr</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">[</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">100</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">];</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">return</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">pstr</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　}</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　堆内存分配</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　-----</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">char</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">AllocStrFromHeap</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">(</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">int</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">len</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">)</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　{</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">char</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">*</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">pstr</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">if</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">len</span> &lt;<span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="lit" twffan="done">0</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">)</span> <span class="kwd" twffan="done">return</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">NULL</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">;</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">return</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="kwd" twffan= "done">char</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">len</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　}</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">对于第一个函数，那块</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">pstr</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">的内存在函数返回时就被系统释放了。于是所返回的</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">char</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">*什么也没有。而对于第二个函数，是从堆上分配内存，所以哪怕是程序退出时，也不释放，所以第二个函数的返回的内存没有问题，可以被使用。但一定要调用</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">free</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">释放，不然就是</span><span class="typ" twffan="done">Memory</span> <span class="typ" twffan="done">Leak</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">！</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">在堆上分配内存很容易造成内存泄漏，这是</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">/</span><span class= "pln" twffan="done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++的最大的“克星”，如果你的程序要稳定，那么就不要出现</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">Memory</span> <span class="typ" twffan= "done">Leak</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">。所以，我还是要在这里千叮咛万嘱付，在使用</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">系统函数（包括</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">calloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">，</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">realloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">）时千万要小心。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">记得有一个</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">UNIX</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">上的服务应用程序，大约有几百的</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">文件编译而成，运行测试良好，等使用时，每隔三个月系统就是</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">down</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">一次，搞得许多人焦头烂额，查不出问题所在。只好，每隔两个月人工手动重启系统一次。出现这种问题就是</span><span class="typ" twffan="done">Memery</span> <span class="typ" twffan= "done">Leak</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">在做怪了，在</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">/</span><span class= "pln" twffan="done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++中这种问题总是会发生，所以你一定要小心。一个</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">Rational</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">的检测工作--</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">Purify</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">，可以帮你测试你的程序有没有内存泄漏。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">我保证，做过许多</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">/</span><span class= "pln" twffan="done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++的工程的程序员，都会对</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">或是</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">new</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">有些感冒。当你什么时候在使用</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">和</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">new</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">时，有一种轻度的紧张和惶恐的感觉时，你就具备了这方面的修养了。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">对于</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">和</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">free</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">的操作有以下规则：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">1</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">配对使用，有一个</span><span class="pln" twffan="done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">，就应该有一个</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">free</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">。（</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++中对应为</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">new</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">和</span><span class="kwd" twffan= "done">delete</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">）</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">2</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">尽量在同一层上使用，不要像上面那种，</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">在函数中，而</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">free</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">在函数外。最好在同一调用层上使用这两个函数。</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">3</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">分配的内存一定要初始化。</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">free</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">后的指针一定要设置为</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">NULL</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">。　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">注：虽然现在的操作系统（如：</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">UNIX</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">和</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">Win2k</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">/</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">NT</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">）都有进程内存跟踪机制，也就是如果你有没有释放的内存，操作系统会帮你释放。但操作系统依然不会释放你程序中所有产生了</span><span class="typ" twffan="done">Memory</span> <span class="typ" twffan= "done">Leak</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">的内存，所以，最好还是你自己来做这个工作。（有的时候不知不觉就出现</span><span class="typ" twffan="done">Memory</span> <span class="typ" twffan= "done">Leak</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">了，而且在几百万行的代码中找无异于海底捞针，</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">Rational</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">有一个工具叫</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">Purify</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">，可能很好的帮你检查程序中的</span><span class="typ" twffan= "done">Memory</span> <span class="typ" twffan= "done">Leak</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">）</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br> <br></span><span class="lit" twffan="done">9</span><span class= "pun" twffan="done">、变量的初始化</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">--------</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">接上一条，变量一定要被初始化再使用。</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">/</span><span class= "pln" twffan="done">C</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">++编译器在这个方面不会像</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">JAVA</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">一样帮你初始化，这一切都需要你自己来，如果你使用了没有初始化的变量，结果未知。好的程序员从来都会在使用变量前初始化变量的。如：</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">1</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">对</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">分配的内存进行</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">memset</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">清零操作。（可以使用</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">calloc</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">分配一块全零的内存）</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　</span><span class="lit" twffan= "done">2</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">对一些栈上分配的</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">struct</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">或数组进行初始化。（最好也是清零）</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">不过话又说回来了，初始化也会造成系统运行时间有一定的开销，所以，也不要对所有的变量做初始化，这个也没有意义。好的程序员知道哪些变量需要初始化，哪些则不需要。如：以下这种情况，则不需要。</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class="kwd" twffan="done">char</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">pstr</span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">;　</span><span class="com" twffan="done">/* 一个字符串 */</span> <span class="pln" twffan="done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan="done">　　　　</span><span class="pln" twffan= "done">pstr</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">=</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="kwd" twffan= "done">char</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">*</span> <span class="pun" twffan="done">)</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done">malloc</span><span class="pun" twffan="done">(</span> <span class="lit" twffan="done">50</span> <span class="pun" twffan= "done">);</span> <span class="pln" twffan= "done"><br></span><span class="pun" twffan= "done">　　　　</span><span class=&